Parallel Universes

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Real or science fiction?

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If real, is the truth too dangerous to play with?

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God did not put human beings in parallel

universes to begin with.

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I assume there is a good reason,

But man wants to go where he has not been before.

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There is a saying that when you don’t know where you are going,

you could end up somewhere you do not want to be.

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CERN is attempting this.

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Scientists at Large Hadron Collider hope to make contact with PARALLEL UNIVERSE in days

http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/565315/Scientists-at-Large-Hadron-Collider-hope-to-make-contact-with-PARALLEL-UNIVERSE-in-days

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Where is CERN going?

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The Theory of Parallel Universes (for Dummies)

http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/the-theory-of-parallel-universes.html

By Andrew Zimmerman Jones and Daniel Robbins from String Theory For Dummies

The multiverse is a theory in which our universe is not the only one, but states that many universes exist parallel to each other.

These distinct universes within the multiverse theory are called parallel universes. A variety of different theories lend themselves to a multiverse viewpoint.

Not all physicists really believe that these universes exist. Even fewer believe that it would ever be possible to contact these parallel universes.

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Level 1: If you go far enough, you’ll get back home

The idea of Level 1 parallel universes basically says that space is so big that the rules of probability imply that surely, somewhere else out there, are other planets exactly like Earth.

In fact, an infinite universe would have infinitely many planets, and on some of them, the events that play out would be virtually identical to those on our own Earth.

We don’t see these other universes because our cosmic vision is limited by the speed of light — the ultimate speed limit.

Light started traveling at the moment of the big bang, about 14 billion years ago, and so we can’t see any further than about 14 billion light-years (a bit farther, since space is expanding).

This volume of space is called the Hubble volume and represents our observable universe.

The existence of Level 1 parallel universes depends on two assumptions:

The universe is infinite (or virtually so).

Within an infinite universe, every single possible configuration of particles in a Hubble volume takes place multiple times.

If Level 1 parallel universes do exist, reaching one is virtually (but not entirely) impossible.

For one thing, we wouldn’t know where to look for one because, by definition, a Level 1 parallel universe is so far away that no message can ever get from us to them, or them to us. (Remember, we can only get messages from within our own Hubble volume.)

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Level 2: If you go far enough, you’ll fall into wonderland

In a Level 2 parallel universe, regions of space are continuing to undergo an inflation phase.

Because of the continuing inflationary phase in these universes, space between us and the other universes is literally expanding faster than the speed of light — and they are, therefore, completely unreachable.

Two possible theories present reasons to believe that Level 2 parallel universes may exist: eternal inflation and ekpyrotic theory.

In eternal inflation, recall that the quantum fluctuations in the early universe’s vacuum energy caused bubble universes to be created all over the place, expanding through their inflation stages at different rates.

The initial condition of these universes is assumed to be at a maximum energy level, although at least one variant, chaotic inflation, predicts that the initial condition can be chaotically chosen as any energy level, which may have no maximum, and the results will be the same.

The findings of eternal inflation mean that when inflation starts, it produces not just one universe, but an infinite number of universes.

Right now, the only noninflationary model that carries any kind of weight is the ekpyrotic model, which is so new that it’s still highly speculative.

In the ekpyrotic theory picture, if the universe is the region that results when two branes collide, then the branes could actually collide in multiple locations.

Consider flapping a sheet up and down rapidly onto the surface of a bed. The sheet doesn’t touch the bed only in one location, but rather touches it in multiple locations. If the sheet were a brane, then each point of collision would create its own universe with its own initial conditions.

There’s no reason to expect that branes collide in only one place, so the ekpyrotic theory makes it very probable that there are other universes in other locations, expanding even as you consider this possibility.

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Level 3: If you stay where you are, you’ll run into yourself

A Level 3 parallel universe is a consequence of the many worlds interpretation (MWI) from quantum physics in which every single quantum possibility inherent in the quantum wave function becomes a real possibility in some reality.

When the average person (especially a science fiction fan) thinks of a “parallel universe,” he’s probably thinking of Level 3 parallel universes.

Level 3 parallel universes are different from the others posed because they take place in the same space and time as our own universe, but you still have no way to access them.

You have never had and will never have contact with any Level 1 or Level 2 universe (we assume), but you’re continually in contact with Level 3 universes — every moment of your life, every decision you make, is causing a split of your “now” self into an infinite number of future selves, all of which are unaware of each other.

Though we talk of the universe “splitting,” this isn’t precisely true.

From a mathematical standpoint, there’s only one wave function, and it evolves over time. The super positions of different universes all coexist simultaneously in the same infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. These separate, coexisting universes interfere with each other, yielding the bizarre quantum behaviors.

Of the four types of universes, Level 3 parallel universes have the least to do with string theory directly.

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Level 4: Somewhere over the rainbow, there’s a magical land

A Level 4 parallel universe is the strangest place (and most controversial prediction) of all, because it would follow fundamentally different mathematical laws of nature than our universe.

In short, any universe that physicists can get to work out on paper would exist, based on the mathematical democracy principle: Any universe that is mathematically possible has equal possibility of actually existing.

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Scientists think they know how to test the parallel universes theory – for real

http://www.sciencealert.com/the-parallel-universe-theory-is-not-just-maths-it-s-science-that-can-be-tested

This article was written by Eugene Lim from King’s College London, and was originally published by The Conversation.

The existence of parallel universes may seem like something cooked up by science fiction writers, with little relevance to modern theoretical physics.

But the idea that we live in a ‘multiverse‘ made up of an infinite number of parallel universes has long been considered a scientific possibility – although it is still a matter of vigorous debate among physicists.

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The race is now on to find a way to test the theory, including searching the sky for signs of collisions with other universes.

It is important to keep in mind that the multiverse view is not actually a theory, it is rather a consequence of our current understanding of theoretical physics.

This distinction is crucial. We have not waved our hands and said: “Let there be a multiverse”. Instead the idea that the Universe is perhaps one of infinitely many is derived from current theories like quantum mechanics and string theory.

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The many-worlds interpretation

You may have heard the thought experiment of Schrödinger’s cat, a spooky animal who lives in a closed box. The act of opening the box allows us to follow one of the possible future histories of our cat, including one in which it is both dead and alive.

The reason this seems so impossible is simply because our human intuition is not familiar with it.

But it is entirely possible according to the strange rules of quantum mechanics. The reason that this can happen is that the space of possibilities in quantum mechanics is huge.

Mathematically, a quantum mechanical state is a sum (or superposition) of all possible states. In the case of the Schrödinger’s cat, the cat is the superposition of ‘dead’ and ‘alive’ states.

But how do we interpret this to make any practical sense at all? One popular way is to think of all these possibilities as book-keeping devices so that the only ‘objectively true’ cat state is the one we observe.

However, one can just as well choose to accept that all these possibilities are true, and that they exist in different universes of a multiverse.

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The string landscape

String theory is one of our most, if not the most promising, avenue to be able to unify quantum mechanics and gravity. This is notoriously hard because gravitational force is so difficult to describe on small scales like those of atoms and subatomic particles – which is the science of quantum mechanics.

But string theory, which states that all fundamental particles are made up of one-dimensional strings, can describe all known forces of nature at once: gravity, electromagnetism and the nuclear forces.

However, for string theory to work mathematically, it requires at least ten physical dimensions. Since we can only observe four dimensions: height, width, depth (all spatial) and time (temporal), the extra dimensions of string theory must therefore be hidden somehow if it is to be correct.

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To be able to use the theory to explain the physical phenomena we see, these extra dimensions have to be ‘compactified’ by being curled up in such a way that they are too small to be seen. Perhaps for each point in our large four dimensions, there exists six extra indistinguishable directions?

A problem, or some would say, a feature, of string theory is that there are many ways of doing this compactification –10500 possibilities is one number usually touted about. Each of these compactifications will result in a universe with different physical laws – such as different masses of electrons and different constants of gravity.

However there are also vigorous objections to the methodology of compactification, so the issue is not quite settled.

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But given this, the obvious question is: which of these landscape of possibilities do we live in?

String theory itself does not provide a mechanism to predict that, which makes it useless as we can’t test it. But fortunately, an idea from our study of early universe cosmology has turned this bug into a feature.

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The early Universe

During the very early Universe, just after the Big Bang, the Universe underwent a period of accelerated expansion called inflation. Inflation was invoked originally to explain why the current observational Universe is almost uniform in temperature.

However, the theory also predicted a spectrum of temperature fluctuations around this equilibrium which was later confirmed by several spacecraft such as Cosmic Background Explorer, Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe and the PLANCK spacecraft.

While the exact details of the theory are still being hotly debated, inflation is widely accepted by physicists. However, a consequence of this theory is that there must be other parts of the Universe that are still accelerating.

However, due to the quantum fluctuations of space-time, some parts of the Universe never actually reach the end state of inflation. This means that the Universe is, at least according to our current understanding, eternally inflating.

Some parts can therefore end up becoming other universes, which could become other universes etc. This mechanism generates an infinite number of universes.

By combining this scenario with string theory, there is a possibility that each of these universes possesses a different compactification of the extra dimensions and hence has different physical laws.

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The cosmic microwave background. Scoured for gravitational waves and signs of collisions with other universes. NASA / WMAP Science Team/wikimedia

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Testing the theory

The universes predicted by string theory and inflation live in the same physical space (unlike the many universes of quantum mechanics which live in a mathematical space), they can overlap or collide.

Indeed, they inevitably must collide, leaving possible signatures in the cosmic sky which we can try to search for.

The exact details of the signatures depend intimately on the models – ranging from cold or hot spots in the cosmic microwave background to anomalous voids in the distribution of galaxies.

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Nevertheless, since collisions with other universes must occur in a particular direction, a general expectation is that any signatures will break the uniformity of our observable Universe.

These signatures are actively being pursued by scientists. Some are looking for it directly through imprints in the cosmic microwave background, the afterglow of the Big Bang.

However, no such signatures are yet to be seen. Others are looking for indirect support such as gravitational waves, which are ripples in space-time as massive objects pass through.

Such waves could directly prove the existence of inflation, which ultimately strengthens the support for the multiverse theory.

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Whether we will ever be able to prove their existence is hard to predict. But given the massive implications of such a finding it should definitely be worth the search.

Eugene Lim, Lecturer in theoretical particle physics & cosmology, King’s College London

This article was originally published by The Conversation. Read the original article and read other articles from their cosmology –

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Proof?

‘Floating City’ Recoded High Above China Leads To Theories Of Parallel Universe

http://www.hngn.com/articles/141310/20151017/floating-city-recoded-high-above-china-leads-theories-parallel-universe.htm

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Conspiracy theorists are having a field day after thousands reported seeing a city hovering high above multiple areas in China.

By Thomas King | Oct 17, 2015 06:06 PM EDT

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Some believe that the city is a parallel universe opening up. Some believe that it is a government conspiracy. Others think that it is a phenomenon of the weather. (Photo : YouTube)

A “floating city” was seen hovering high above China’s skies, causing conspiracy theorists to look into the phenomenon. The footage has led to theories of government testing and parallel universes opening up, according to Express.

News reports have indicated that thousands of residents have reported seeing the mysterious floating city high above Foshan, located in the Guangdong province of China. Then, only days later, people in Jiangxi were recording the same phenomenon.

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Many theories have surfaced to explain the phenomenon, including a theory that NASA is beginning the Blue Beam Project that will use holographs to produce images of UFOs, as well as the second coming of Christ to institute a new world order, according to IntelliHub.

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“Notice the group of buildings is repeated three times? If it isn’t someone making it on their computer, it seriously could be project blue beam,” said one video comment.

There are even some who believe that the Chinese government, with its secret advanced technology, is conducting experiments that can open up parallel universes.

However, weather experts have a more grounded explanation for the floating city, saying that the phenomenon is actually something referred to as a Fata Morgana, which is a “mirage that distorts distance objects,” the Daily Mail reported.

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Video:

Where did THIS come from?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UoP1sh1WXm8&feat ure=youtu.be

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NOTE:  these images may also be project blue beam.  I have another image of a statue of Jesus over a city in Indonesia.  This is the best godless people can do.

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There are also dimensions that scientists have not considered.

One is called the Kingdom of Heaven.

You cannot force your way in there.

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There is also another dimension called Hell.

That is very easy to enter.   

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With all the testing, I hope, since they do not know where they are going, they do not end up where they do not want to be.

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